• Uchenna Felicia Ugwu (2020), Harnessing the Multilateral Patent and Plant Variety Protection Regimes to Advance Food Security: Implications of the EU-ECOWAS Economic Partnership Agreement

• The Latin American Seeds Collective (2018), “Seeds: commons or corporate property?”
• African Centre for Biodiversity (2018) Towards national and regional seed policies in Africa that recognize and support farmer seed systems

• Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (2017), Resisting corporate takeover of African seed systems and building farmer managed seed systems for food sovereignty in Africa

• Laura Gutiérrez Escobar Alternautus (2017), p. 27  Seed Sovereignty Struggles in an Emberá-Chamí Community in Colombia in: Alternautus (2017), p. 27 

• Chee Yoke Ling et al., (September 2016) Farmers’ Right to Participate in Decision-making – implementing Article 9.2 (c) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, Working Paper, APBREBES

in Spanish: CHEE YOKE LING Y BARBARA ADAMS con contribuciones de Sangeeta Shashikant y Laurent Gaberell (Septiembre de 2016) El derecho de los agricultores a participar en la adopción de decisiones – la aplicación del artículo 9.2 (C) del Tratado Internacional sobre  los Recursos Fitogenéticos para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, Documento de Trabajo, APBREBES

in French: CHEE YOKE LING ET BARBARA ADAMS avec les contributions de  Sangeeta Shashikant et Laurent Gaberell (Septembre 2016) Le droit des agriculteurs et agricultrices à participer à la prise de décisions La mise en œuvre de l’Article 9.2 (c) du Traité international sur  les ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, Document de travail, APBREBES

• GA Otieno, TW Reynolds, A Karasapan, IL Noriega (2017) Implications of Seed Policies for On-Farm Agro-Biodiversity in Ethiopia and Uganda in: Sustainable Agriculture Research Vol.6, No.4; 2017

• Halewood, M (ed.) (2016) Farmers' Crop Varieties and Farmers' Rights. Challenges in Taxonomy and Law

• African Centre for Biodiversity (February 2017)  The BAYER-MONSANTO merger: Implications for South Africa’s agricultural future and its smallholder farmers

• Mayet, M. (January 2017) Seed Sovereignty in Africa: Challenges and opportunities In: Development 

• R Chandra (2017) Farmers' Rights in India:" Globally Sui Generis" in: Südasien-Chronik - South Asia Chronicle 6/2016, S. 119-144

• Oakland Institute (2017) Down on the Seed: The World Bank Enables Corporate Takeover of Seeds, with a version of the executive summary available in French.

• Devendra Gauchan (2016) Farmers’ rights in South Asia’s  IPR regime, in: Trade Insight Vol. 12, No. 4, 2016 35

• Global Network for the Right to Food and Nutrition (October 2016): Right to Food and Nutrition Watch, “Keeping Seeds in Peoples’ Hands“, in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese

• International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (2016) “From uniformity to diversity: A paradigm shift from industrial agriculture to diversified agroecological systems"

• Chee Yoke Ling et al., (September 2016) Farmers’ Right to Participate in Decision-making – implementing Article 9.2 (c) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, Working Paper, APBREBES

• GRAIN (August 2016) New trade deals legalise corporate theft, make farmers’ seeds illegal
• GRAIN (August 2016) Avec de nouveaux accords commerciaux, le vol organisé par les multinationales est légalisé et les semences paysannes deviennent illégales

• GRAIN (August 2016) Nuevos acuerdos de comercio legalizan el robo corporativo y vuelven ilegales las semillas campesinas

• Sangeeta Shashikant (24 June 2016): ARIPO Draft Regulations on Plant Variety Penalizes Small Farmers ARIPO Draft Regulations on Plant Variety Penalizes Small Farmers, in TWN Info Service on Intellectual Property Issues (Jun16/11)

• Sangeeta Shashikant (17 June 2016):Proposed Plant Variety Regulations inconsistent with ARIPO’s Protocol, violates sovereign rights  in TWN Info Service on Intellectual Property Issues (Jun16/10)

• AFSA press release on ARIPO Regulations http://afsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/AFSA-Press-Release-on-ARIPO-Regulations.pdf

• African Center for Biodiversity (2016): Integration of small-scale farmers into formal seed production in South Africa: A scoping report 

• Christophe Golay (2016): Legal analysis on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas.The Right to Seeds and Intellectual Property Rights. Prepared for the third session of the United Nations Human Rights Council working group mandated to negotiate a Declaration on the rights of peasants and other people working in rural areas. Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

• Mercedes Campi (2016): The Effect of Intellectual Property Rights on Agricultural Productivity 

• Shalini Bhutani (2016): Intellectual Property Rights Policy Fails to Address Farmers’ Rights and Needs in: The Wire, 30.5.2016

• Claire H. Luby,  Irwin L. Goldman  (2016): Freeing Crop Genetics through the Open Source Seed Initiative 

• McGuire, S., & Sperling, L., in: Food Security (2016) Seed Systems Smallholder Farmers Use

• FAO (2016) Voluntary guide for national seed policy formulation  available in English, Spanish and French

• Michael Halewood, Bioversity (ed.) (2016) Farmers' Crop Varieties and Farmers' Rights: Challenges in Taxonomy and Law

• GRAIN (March 2016) New mega-treaty in the pipeline: what does RCEP mean for farmers’ seeds in Asia?

• African Centre for Biodiversity (2015), The expansion of the commercial seed sector in sub-Saharan Africa: Major players, key issues and trends

• Sangeeta Shashikant (25 October 2015) Vague Results Question the Need for Harmonized PVP Filing System in UPOV

• African Centre for Biodiversity (2015), Which way forward for Zambia’s smallholder farmers: Green Revolution input subsidies or agro-ecology?

• GRAIN (21 October 2015) UPOV 91 and other seed laws: a basic primer on how companies intend to control and monopolise seeds

• Sangeeta Shashikant (14 October 2015) Development: Contentious negotiations over Farmers' Rights resolution In: SUNS #8112

• Carlos M. Correa (University of Buenos Aires), with contributions from Sangeeta Shashikant (Third World Network) and François Meienberg (Berne Declaration), October 2015: Plant Variety Protection for Developing Countries. A Tool to Design a Sui Generis Plant Variety Protection System:  An Alternative to UPOV 1991. Published by: Association for Plant Breeding for the Benefit of Society (APBREBES) and its member organisations: Berne Declaration, Development Fund, SEARICE, Third World Network

      in English ORDER PRINTED ENGLISH COPIES: contact@apbrebes.org

      in Spanish 

      in French

• Philip H. Howard: Intellectual Property and Consolidation in the Seed Industry In: Crop Science, Vol. 55, Nov - Dec 2015

• Sangeeta Shashikant and François Meienberg (2015): International Contradictions on Farmers' Rights: The Interrelations between the International Treaty, its Article 9 on Farmers' Rights, and Relevant Instruments of UPOV and WIPO. Published by Third World Network and Berne Declaration

• OXFAM, ANDES, CTDT, SEARICE, CGN-WUR (2015):  Submission to the ITPGRFA, by Oxfam (Netherlands), Asociación para la Naturaleza y el Desarrollo Sostenible (Asociación ANDES, Peru), Community Technology Development Trust (CTDT, Zimbabwe), Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Empowerment (SEARICE, Vietnam), Centre for Genetic Resources (Netherlands, Wageningen University and Research Centre, CGN-WUR) about the knowledge, views, experiences and best practices on the implementation of Farmers’ Rights, as set up in Article 9 of the International Treaty.

     in Spanish

     in French

• UN General Assembly, Seventieth session. Document A/70/333 Agriculture development, food security and nutrition. Report of the Secretary-General

• Gurdial Singh Nijar (31 August 2015): Law Speak - Safeguarding farmers’ seeds in: The Sun Daily, Malaysia

• GIZ (2015): The UPOV Convention, Farmers’ Rights and Human Rights - An integrated assessment of potentially conflicting legal frameworks

• Vanaja Ramprasad (2015) Living on the Edge. Women, Agrobiodiversity and Livelihood

• Oliver T. Coomes et al (2015): Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions. In: Food Policy56 (2015) 41-50

• Allan Hruska, FAO (2015) Sustainable Seed Systems for Family Farming: Promoting More Inclusive Public Institutions - Lessons Learned from Mesoamerica In: FAO & ICRISAT 01/2015: Community Seed Production, Edited by C.O. Ojiewo, S. Kugbei, Z. Bishaw, J.C. Rubyogo,  pages 105-112;  ISBN: 978-92-5-108751-0

• Hans Morton Haugen (2015) Inappropriate Processes and Unbalanced Outcomes: Plant Variety Protection in Africa Goes Beyond UPOV 1991 Requirements. In: Journal of World Intellectual Property, Volume 18, Issue 5, pages 196–216, September 2015

• Utviklingsfondet, CEPA, GFAR (2015): Capacity building material on Farmers’ Rights in Malawi

  Utviklingsfondet, CEPA, GFAR (2015): Report on the First National Conference on Farmers' Rights in Malawi

• Susanne Gura, APBREBES (May 2015) Working Paper #1: Global, Profitable, Secret? DNA Fingerprints for Enforcement of UPOV’s Plant Variety Protection

• Kotschi, Johannes & Wirz, Johannes (2015) Who pays for seeds? Thoughts on financing organic plant breeding

• GRAIN (2015) Seed laws that criminalise farmers: additional country experiences  also in  Português, Español, Français

• GRAIN/ La Via Campesina (2015) Seed laws that criminalise farmers – resistance and fightback

• Netnou-Nkoana NC, Jaftha JB, Dibiloane MA, Eloff J. (2015)  Understanding of the farmers’ privilege concept by smallholder farmers in South Africa Published in: S Afr J Sci. 2015;111(1/2), Art. #2013-0344, 5 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/ sajs.2015/2013-0344

• Peter Munyi (2015) Plant Variety Protection Regime in Relation to Relevant International Obligations: Implications for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya, in: The Journal of World Intellectual Property (2015) Vol. 18, no. 1–2, pp. 65–85

• Peter Munyi & Bram De Jonge (2015): Seed Systems Support in Kenya: Consideration for an Integrated Seed Sector Development Approach, in: Journal of Sustainable Development; Vol. 8, No. 2; 2015

• Penn State University (13 February 2015) World crop diversity survives in small farms from peri-urban to remote rural locations

• AFSA/GRAIN (January 2015) Land and seed laws under attack: who is pushing changes in Africa?

• GRAIN (November 2014): Trade deals criminalize farmers' seeds

• Batur, Fulya (2014) Agrobiodiversity conservation and plant improvement: adjustments in intellectual property rights reclaiming the public (thesis Louvain University)

• Christoph Then and Ruth Tippe, No Patents on Seeds! (2014) European patents on plants and animals – is the patent industry taking control of our food?

• Berne Declaration. With the Participation Of: Bread for the World – Protestant Development Service, Community Technology Development Trust, Development Fund – Norway, Misereor, SEARICE and Third World Network (2014) “Owning Seed, Accessing Food: A Human Rights Impact Assessment Of UPOV 1991 Based on Case Studies in Kenya, Peru and the Philippines

The Human Rights Impact Assessment of UPOV91 «Owning seeds, accessing food» is available in english (PDF, 2.2 MB) and spanish (PDF, 5.2 MB) 

The Factsheet in english (PDF, 1.6 MB), spanish (PDF, 1.1 MB), french (PDF, 1.9 MB) and german (PDF, 715 KB)

• Berne Declaration (2014)  UPOV report on the impact of plant variety protection - A critique   PDF

• Susanne Gura (Juni 2014) UPOV für alle? In Afrika wird Geistiges Eigentum auf Pflanzenzüchtungen verbreitet in: Rundbrief des Forum Umwelt und Entwicklung

• Bram De Jonge (2014):  Plant Variety Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Balancing Commercial and Smallholder Farmers’ Interests. In: Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 7, No. 3; 2014

• APBREBES (2014) Comments on UPOV Council Document (C (EXTR.)/31/2: Examination of the Conformity of the Draft ARIPO Protocol for the Protection

• Thomas Cottier, World Trade Institute (April 3, 2014): Legal Opinion on the Accession of ARIPO to the Union of the Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV)

• Ivan Mammana (January 2014): Concentration of market power in the EU seed market. Study commissioned by the Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament

• Kloppenburg, J. (2014) Re-purposing the master’s tools: the open source seed initiative and the struggle for seed sovereignty, The Journal of Peasant Studies, DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2013.875897

• Pawarit Lertdhamtewe (January 2014) Thailand’s sui generis system of plant variety protection

• Sujith Koonan (January 2014) India’s sui generis system of plant variety protection

• GRAIN (October 2013): Seed laws in Latin America: the offensive continues, so does popular resistance

• European Parliament (October 2013): Technology options for feeding 10 billion people. Plant breeding and innovative agriculture

• Berne Declaration, Bread for the World, Ecoropa, Tebtebba, and Third World Network (2013) Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilisation: Background and Analysis

• ETC Group (March 2013): Gene Giants Seek “Philanthrogopoly”. Ag monopoly makes mergers suspect – Big Six create “charity” cartel instead, conning regulators and public breeders

• Pardey, P., Koo B., Drew, J., Horwich, J., Nottenburg, C. (2013) The evolving landscape of plant varietal rights in the United States, 1930–2008, Nature Biotechnology, 31: 25-29

• UNCTAD (2013). Wake up before it is too late: Make agriculture truly sustainable now for food security in a changing climate. Trade and Environment Review 2013.

• Africa Biosafety Center (November 2012) Harmonisation of Africa’s seeds laws: a recipe for disaster

• Correa, Carlos (2012): TRIPS-Related  Patent  Flexibilities  and  Food  Security:  Options  for Developing Countries, Policy Guide, QUNO-ICTSD, Geneva, Switzerland

• Integrating Farmers’ Seeds System into the Market: "What do we gain? What do we lose? What do we do?" OXFAM Meeting of Experts – Synthesis Report Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 12 and 13 November 2012

• Rajeswari Kanniah and Christoph Antons (2012), Plant Variety Protection and Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Law  2012, Vol 13 No 1, Article 1: 1-23

• (in German) Fleck, M. and R. Hartmann (2012): Safeguarding what is proven and tested, developing the new – elements of organically on farm vegetable breeding, by Michael Fleck (Kultursaat e.V. – Züchtungsforschung und Kulturpflanzenerhaltung auf biologischdynamischer Grundlage, 61209 Echzell) und Raphael Hartmann (Erzeugerring für biologisch-dynamischen Landbau e.V.)  The paper outlines motives, procedures and milestones of this work. Furthermore the establishment of a seed bank for the preservation of open pollinating vegetable varieties is sketched.

• (in German) Rossmanith, Gebhard (2012): Gemeinnützige Züchtung – wie lässt sie sich finanzieren? Vortrag AGRECOL, Workshop „Copyleft für Kulturpflanzen und Nutztiere“. Dottenfelder Hof 5.-7.10.2012. This presentation at a workshop on copyleft approaches in breeding sketches out new financing approaches. The author is CEO of Europe's largest organic anthroposophic seed trader, Bingenheimer Saatgut AG.

• Olivier De Schutter, UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (July 2011): Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security

• Catherine Monagle (2011) Observer Status and Access to Documents. Comparative Analysis across Selected International Organizations

• Graham Dutfield (February 2011): Food, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property: The Role of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Global Economic Issue Publications, Intellectual Property Issue Paper Number 9

• Claudio Chiarolla, Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales (IDDRI), Paris, France and Stefan Jungcurt , Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany (March 2011): Outstanding Issues on Access and Benefit Sharing under the Multilateral System of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

• de la Perrière, Robert Ali Brac and Guy Kastler (ed.) (2011): Seeds and Farmers’ Rights: how international regulations affect farmer seeds (BEDE/RSP)

• Andersen, Regine and Tone Winge (2011): The 2010 Global Consultations on Farmers' Rights: Results from an Email-based Survey, FNI Report 2/2011 (Lysaker, Norway: Fridtjof Nansen Institute)

• Development Fund (2011): Banking for the Future: Savings, Security and Seeds (Oslo, Norway: Development Fund)

• Francois Meienberg (2010) Infringement of farmers’ rights, in D&C 4/2010

• Suman Sahai (2010) The way it always was. Farmers' rights in India, in D&C 4/2010

• CIAT (International Centre for Tropical Agriculture) 2010 “Understanding seed systems used by small farmers in Africa: Focus on markets”, CIAT Practice Brief #6

• Carlos Correa (October 2009): Trends in Intellectual Property Rights Relating to Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

• Olivier De Schutter, UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food (2009): Seed policies and the right to food: enhancing agrobiodiversity and encouraging innovation

• Pratyush Jhunjhunwala (2009) Analysis of Article 27(3) (b) of TRIPs-the Content and Implications of the IP Protection on Plant Varieties. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 1 (4): 313-319, 2009

• Salvatore Ceccarelli (2009): Evolution, plant breeding and biodiversity. Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development, 103 (1/2): 131-145

• Louwaars N., Dons H., Overwalle G., Raven H., Arundel A., Eaton D., Nelis, A., 2009, Breeding Business, the future of plant breeding in the light of developments in patent rights and plant breeder’s rights, University of Wageningen, CGN Report 2009-14 (EN) CGN Rap

• Regine Andersen (2008): Governing Agrobiodiversity: Plant Genetics and Developing Countries, Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate

• GRAIN (2007) The end of farm-saved seed? Industry's wish list for the next revision of UPOV

• GAIA/GRAIN | 15 May 1998 | Ten reasons not to join UPOV

• RAFI/Heritage Seed Curators Australia (1998) Plant Breeders' Wrongs http://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/publication/400/01/occ_plant.pdf

• Crucible Group (1992) People, Plants and Patents

• Heitz, A (1987) ‘The History of Plant Variety Protection’, in UPOV, The First Twenty-five Years of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.

• Pat R. Mooney (1982): Law of the Seed